Civil Servants | The Canadian Encyclopedia

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  • Article

    Jack H. Warren

    Jack Hamilton (Jake) Warren, OC, public servant, diplomat, business executive (born 10 April 1921 in Howard Township, ON; died in April 2008 in Ottawa, ON).

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  • Article

    Jacques Brossard

    Jacques Brossard, public servant, writer (b at Montréal 24 Apr 1933). He holds a BA (1952) from Collège Sainte-Marie, a L ès L (1955) from Université de Montréal and a social science degree (1957) from Oxford. Admitted to the bar (1956), he joined the foreign service in 1957.

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  • Article

    Jacques Viger

    Jacques Viger, journalist, author, militia officer, civil servant, politician, (b at Montréal 7 May 1787; d there 12 Dec 1858).

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  • Article

    Jean-Louis Gagnon

    Jean-Louis Gagnon, journalist, writer, political activist, civil servant (born 21 February 1913 in Québec City, Québec; died 26 May 2004 in Québec City).

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  • Article

    John Amagoalik

    John Amagoalik, OC, ONu, leader, activist, politician, writer (born 26 November 1947 in Tasialuk, QC). John Amagoalik is an Inuit leader sometimes known as John A., the Father of Nunavut (see also Fathers of Confederation; Nunavut and Confederation). His leadership and involvement helped in the creation of the territory of Nunavut on 1 April 1999. He was instrumental in the signing of the Nunavut Land Claims Agreement in 1993 and helped plan Nunavut’s government structure. Also, he lobbied the federal government to apologize and compensate Inuit for damages caused by the forced relocation of families to the High Arctic and the killing of sled dogs (see Inuit High Arctic Relocations in Canada).

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  • Article

    John Kennett Starnes

    John Kennett Starnes, public servant (b at Montréal, Qué 5 Feb 1918). A WWII veteran, Starnes was with the Dept of External Affairs 1944-70.

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  • Article

    Kay Livingstone

    Kathleen (Kay) Livingstone (née Jenkins), organizer and activist, broadcaster, actor (born 13 October 1919 in London, ON; died 25 July 1975). Kay Livingstone founded the Canadian Negro Women’s Association in 1951 and organized the first National Congress of Black Women in 1973. An established radio broadcaster and actor, Livingstone also devoted a great deal of her life and energy to social activism and organizing. Her tireless work to encourage a national discussion around the position of racialized people in society, particularly Black women, led Livingstone to coin the term visible minority in 1975.

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  • Article

    Keith Spicer

    Keith Spicer, journalist, broadcaster, public servant (born 6 March 1934 in Toronto, ON; died 24 August 2023 in Ottawa, ON). Keith Spicer was Canada’s first commissioner of official languages (1970–77). He also worked as a journalist for the Globe and Mail and the Vancouver Sun and was editor-in-chief of the Ottawa Citizen (1985–89). He then served as chair of the Canadian Radio-Television and Telecommunications Commission (CRTC) from 1989 to 1996, except for 1990–91, when he chaired the Citizen's Forum on Canada's Future. He was made an Officer of the Order of Canada in 1978.

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  • Article

    Canada’s Cold War Purge of LGBTQ from Public Service

    Between the 1950s and the 1990s, the Canadian government responded to national security concerns generated by Cold War tensions with the Soviet Union by spying on, exposing and removing suspected LGBTQ individuals from the federal public service and the Canadian Armed Forces. They were cast as social and political subversives and seen as targets for blackmail by communist regimes seeking classified information. These characterizations were justified by arguments that people who engaged in same-sex relations suffered from a “character weakness” and had something to hide because their sexuality was considered a taboo and, under certain circumstances, was illegal. As a result, the RCMP investigated large numbers of people. Many of them were fired, demoted or forced to resign — even if they had no access to security information. These measures were kept out of public view to prevent scandal and to keep counter-espionage operations under wraps. In 2017, the federal government issued an official apology for its discriminatory actions and policies, along with a $145-million compensation package.

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  • Article

    Lincoln Alexander

    Lincoln MacCauley Alexander, CC, OOnt, QC, lieutenant-governor of Ontario 1985–91, member of Parliament 1968–80, lawyer, public servant (born 21 January 1922 in Toronto, ON; died 19 October 2012 in Hamilton, ON). Alexander was the first Black Canadian member of Parliament (1968), Cabinet minister (1979) and lieutenant-governor (Ontario, 1985). In recognition of his many important accomplishments, 21 January has been celebrated as Lincoln Alexander Day across Canada since 2015.

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  • Article

    Malcolm Rowe

    Malcolm Rowe, lawyer, public servant, university lecturer, Supreme Court justice (born 1953 in St. John’s, NL). Malcolm Rowe is an expert in international law. After working in the public service in Ottawa and in Newfoundland and Labrador, Rowe served as a justice with the Newfoundland and Labrador Supreme Court’s trial division and then with its Court of Appeal. He was appointed to the Supreme Court of Canada on 28 October 2016. He is the first Supreme Court justice from Newfoundland and Labrador.

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    https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/malcolm-rowe-rr-hr.jpg Malcolm Rowe

  • Article

    Mumilaaq Qaqqaq

    Mumilaaq Qaqqaq, Inuk Member of Parliament (born 4 November 1993 in Baker Lake, NU). In 2019, Qaqqaq became, at age 25, Nunavut’s youngest MP in history, and the first from the New Democratic Party (NDP) since Nunavut became a territory in 1999. Before entering politics, Qaqqaq was a public speaker and activist who raised awareness of the various crises that Inuit face (suicide, food insecurity, housing, climate).

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  • Article

    Chief Electoral Officer

    The Chief Electoral Officer oversees Elections Canada, the non-partisan agency that administers Canada’s federal elections and referendums. 

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  • Article

    Solicitor General

    The office of the solicitor general has its historic roots in England. In Canada the office varies substantially from jurisdiction to jurisdiction. In some provinces the office of the solicitor general is subsumed under one or more different portfolios, but in most it is separate and distinct.

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  • Article

    Stanley G. Grizzle

    Stanley George Sinclair Grizzle, CM, OOnt, citizenship judge, politician, civil servant, labour union activist (born 18 November 1918 in Toronto, ON; died 12 November 2016 in Toronto, ON). Stanley Grizzle had an illustrious career as a railway porter, soldier, civil servant, citizenship judge and activist for the rights of Black Canadians.

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    https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/Twitter_Cards/Grizzle.jpg Stanley G. Grizzle