Biology | The Canadian Encyclopedia

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  • Article

    Biological Product

    A biological product is a substance derived from a living organism and used for the prevention or treatment of disease. Biologicals are usually too complex for chemical synthesis by a laboratory. These products include antitoxins, bacterial and viral vaccines, blood products and hormone extracts.

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  • Article

    Biology

    Biological studies of individuals and groups of organisms can occur at various levels (eg, molecular, cellular, anatomical, functional, behavioural, ecological and evolutionary).

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  • Article

    BIONESS

    BIONESS (Bedford Institute of Oceanography Net and Environmental Sampling System) is a multiple-net sampler for ZOOPLANKTON and micronekton (pelagic animals 1-10 cm in length). It uses a new design concept, with nets arranged horizontally rather than vertically, as in earlier multiple-net samplers.

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  • Article

    Biotechnology

    Biotechnology was defined by the 1981 Federal Task Force on Biotechnology (Brossard Committee) as the "utilization of biological processes, be they microbial, plant, animal cells or their constituents, for the provision of goods and services.

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  • Article

    Botany

    The study of plant life is organized in 3 ways, which are also applicable to zoological material.

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  • Article

    Botany History

    Long before formal study of plants began in Canadian academic institutions, they were studied by explorers and talented amateurs.

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  • Article

    Brachiopoda

    Brachiopoda, phylum of bivalved marine invertebrates, sometimes called lamp shells.

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  • Article

    Canada and the Development of the Polio Vaccine

    During the first half of the 20th century, poliomyelitis, a.k.a. polio or “The Crippler,” hit Canada harder than anywhere else. Successive polio epidemics peaked in a national crisis in 1953. By that time, however, scientists at Connaught Medical Research Laboratories of the University of Toronto had made key discoveries that enabled American medical researcher and virologist Jonas Salk to prepare the first polio vaccine. Connaught Labs also solved the problem of producing the vaccine on a large scale. Canada went on to play an important role in the development of the oral polio vaccine and international efforts to eradicate the disease.Click here for definitions of key terms used in this article.

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  • Collection

    Canada During COVID-19

    Countries, communities, and individuals around the world are grappling with the COVID-19 pandemic. How will historians remember this time in history? Canada During COVID-19: A Living Archive is meant to capture the experiences of everyday Canadians as they live through this challenging time.

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  • Article

    Central Experimental Farm

    The initial purpose of CEF and its 4 sister locations across Canada was to help resolve farm production matters. This early grouping has grown into a strong national network of 19 sites that include multiple locations, sub stations and field sites in each of the Canadian provinces.

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  • Macleans

    Cloned Sheep Raises Ethical Issues

    She does not look like a circus freak or a monster or an omen of evil. Her eyes and ears have a pinkish hue - just like they are supposed to.This article was originally published in Maclean's Magazine on March 10, 1997

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  • Macleans

    Cloning Sheep

    For more than a decade, scientists have been using genetic technology to produce biologically identical copies, or clones, of animals. In theory, cloning can be used to improve sheep and cattle breeds by ensuring that the animals' most desirable genetic characteristics are passed on.This article was originally published in Maclean's Magazine on March 18, 1996

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  • Article

    Crop Research

    Crop research may be defined as activity directed to making the production, marketing and use of commercial crops more efficient and profitable.

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  • Article

    Crops

    Crops are plant species grown for human or animal consumption or for special purposes (e.g., flax, tobacco). In Canada, most major crops grown are used for food and feed.

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  • Article

    Entomology

    Entomology is the branch of zoology dealing with the study of insects, although which organisms are included is open to interpretation.

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