Frank Gehry

Frank Owen Gehry (born Goldberg), CC, architect (born 28 February 1929 in Toronto, ON). Winner of the prestigious Pritzker Architecture Prize and a Companion of the Order of Canada, Frank Gehry is one of the world’s most renowned architects. He has produced public and private buildings in the United States, Europe and Asia. By the latter part of the 20th century, he had evolved into one of the most recognizable and publicly discussed architects in the world — one of a handful of architects whose widely recognized projects put architecture back into public discourse. The century was capped with the naming of Gehry's Guggenheim Museum in Bilbao, Spain, as the building of the century. As Mildred Friedman notes, “More than any other architect of his generation, Frank Gehry is an innovator whose vision reaches beyond the accepted aesthetic and technical constraints of 20th-century architecture.”

Architect Frank Gehry's career has spanned four decades, producing public and private buildings in North America, Europe and Asia.

(photo by Eric Peter Arnell, courtesy Gehry Partners, LLP)

Education and Early Career

Raised in Toronto, Frank Gehry moved with his family to Los Angeles when he was 17. He received his Bachelor of Architecture degree from the University of Southern California in 1954, and studied city planning at the Harvard University Graduate School of Design.

Every project undertaken by Gehry Partners, founded in 1962 and located in Los Angeles, is designed personally and directly by Gehry. In the late 1950s and 1960s — the earliest years of his practice — his work was well-planned and handsome, and those who knew it regarded him as a genuine talent. One of his first successes came with Easy Edges, a line of furniture made from corrugated cardboard that he launched in 1969.

However, it was not until the 1970s that Gehry began to venture into unknown territory with a bold architectural experiment: his own small, pink Santa Monica bungalow. It became a laboratory in which it was possible to try anything, and he did. Gehry relocated walls, adding new ones and challenging which were new, old, inside, and outside. He utilized everyday materials such as chain-link fencing as architectural elements, an innovation that quickly came to be associated with his work. Since then, many barriers to architectural self-expression have come down at his bidding; in the years since 1989, computers and advanced software, together with the people who operate them, have given him the long-hoped-for freedom to create ever more inventive ways to enclose space.

Frank Gehry's House in Santa Monica, California

Wiki Commons

Architect of the Century

The project that brought Gehry international fame was the Guggenheim Museum Bilbao in Bilbao, Basque Country, Spain. Completed in 1997, the design is notable for its fragmented, curving and undulating forms clad in glass, titanium and limestone. The building is widely regarded as a masterpiece; American architect Philip Johnson called it “the most important building of our time.”

It was also this project that spawned what has become known as “the Bilbao effect.” The public success of this project is so large that tourists and architectural aficionados alike have flocked to the small town of Bilbao to see Gehry’s design. The Bilbao Guggenheim is the prime example of the use of brand-name architects, such as Gehry, to bring visitors in by the thousands — hence the term “Bilbao effect.” Museums and other cultural and public institutions around the world are following suit, in the hope of generating the success of the Guggenheim in Bilbao.

Other notable projects include: the Walt Disney Concert Hall (2003) in Los Angeles, California, its billowing stainless steel forms resembling sails at full mast; the renovation of the Art Gallery of Ontario in Toronto, with its bright blue southern façade and its spiralling inner and outer staircases; and the jazzy, brightly coloured Biomuseo (2013) in Panama City, Panama. Gehry has also created a master plan for Facebook’s “Zee Town,” a small city designed to house some 10,000 Facebook employees on a 200-acre lot adjacent to their headquarters in Menlo Park, California, as well as a “Gateway to the Sunset Strip” in Los Angeles, California, a mixed-use community that will include apartments, restaurants, retail storefronts and a central plaza.

The design process Gehry displayed in the renovation of his own house has continued to this day: it is a process of seeing anew, of seeing what is regarded as ordinary as possessing the potential for the extraordinary. What has become known as Gehry’s signature style couples his interest in materiality with expressive form. These buildings are usually composed of discrete volumes, shaped with freely flowing curvilinear roofs. Metal panels are often used as cladding, either stainless steel or titanium. The result is a collection of buildings bearing no resemblance to a historical understanding of architecture; these are structures that appear to defy gravity, as well as the human ability to shape structures.

Design

Over the course of his career, Frank Gehry has pursued a variety of subsidiary design projects. From 1969 to 1973, he produced his Easy Edges furniture line, designed through the layering of corrugated cardboard. Easy Edges is an early example of Gehry’s interest in using common, prefabricated materials in his work. In 1992, Gehry introduced his Bentwood furniture line: elegant tables, chairs and ottomans fashioned from wetted and then bent wooden slates, a technique that has its origin in Indigenous arts and crafts of the Pacific Northwest (see Northwest Coast Indigenous Art).

Between 1984 and 1986, Gehry designed a series of fish-shaped lamps out of moulded wire onto which he glued shards of plastic. These initial pieces led to larger public sculptures, like Standing Glass Fish (1986) for the Minneapolis Sculpture Garden in Minneapolis, Minnesota, and Fish Sculpture (1989–92) for La Vila Olímpica del Poblenou in Barcelona, Spain.

In addition to collaborating with Tiffany and Co. on six jewellery collections, Gehry was also commissioned to design the official trophy of the World Cup of Hockey.

Gehry has periodically undertaken museum exhibition and installation design as well as theatrical set design. He designed the display for a number of landmark exhibitions at the Los Angeles County Museum of Art, including Treasures of Tutankhamun (1978), The Avant-Garde in Russia (1980), and Degenerate Art: The Fate of the Avant-Garde in Nazi Germany (1991). He went on to design The Art of the Motorcycle (1998) at the Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum in New York.

On the set design front, Gehry designed the set for a production of Mozart’s Don Giovanni by the Los Angeles Philharmonic at the Walt Disney Concert Hall in downtown Los Angeles (a building Gehry himself designed to wide acclaim) in 2012. He also created the stage design for a tribute to the life and work of French avant-garde composer and conductor Pierre Boulez by the Chicago Symphony Orchestra in 2014.

Teaching and Exhibitions

In 1982, 1985, 1988, 1989 and 1999, Gehry held the William B. and Charlotte Shepherd Davenport Visiting Professorship of Architectural Design at Yale University. In 1984, he held the Eliot Noyes Chair at Harvard University. From 1996 to 1997, he was a visiting scholar at the Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich, Switzerland. Gehry’s buildings have received more than 100 national and regional awards from the American Institute of Architects (AIA).

Major exhibitions of drawings, models and other documentation of Gehry’s work have been mounted at the Philadelphia Museum of Art (1992), the Museum of Modern Art, New York (1992), the Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum (2001), the Guggenheim Bilbao (2002), the Jewish Museum, New York (2010), and the Centre Pompidou, Paris, France (2014). In 2015, a full retrospective of his work was mounted by the Los Angeles County Museum of Art.

The work of Gehry Partners has been featured widely in national and international newspapers and magazines. Gehry’s work has also been featured in major architectural publications and in national and international trade journals. His architectural drawings and models have been exhibited in major museums throughout the world.

Honours and Awards

Fellow, American Institute of Architects (AIA) (1974)
Arnold W. Brunner Memorial Prize in Architecture, American Academy of Arts and Letters (1977)
Fellow, American Academy of Arts and Letters (1987)
Pritzker Architecture Prize, Hyatt Foundation (1989)
Trustee, American Academy in Rome (1989)
Fellow, American Academy of Arts and Sciences (1991)
Wolf Prize in Art, Wolf Foundation (1992)
Praemium Imperiale Award, Japan Art Association (1992)
Academician, National Academy of Design (1994)
Dorothy and Lillian Gish Prize, Dorothy and Lillian Gish Prize Trust (1994)
Honorary Consul of the City of Bilbao (1997)
Frederick Kiesler Prize, Frederick Kiesler Foundation (1998)
Honorary Academician, Royal Academy of Arts (1998)
Gold Medal, Royal Architectural Institute of Canada (1998)
Chancellor of the City of Bilbao (1998)
National Medal of Arts, National Endowment for the Arts (1998)
AIA Gold Medal, American Institute of Architects (1999)
Lotos Medal of Merit, The Lotos Club (1999)
Gold Medal, Royal Institute of British Architects (2000)
Companion, Order of Canada (2002)
Woodrow Wilson Award for Public Service, Woodrow Wilson International Institute for Scholars (2004)
Presidential Medal of Freedom, President of the United States (2016)
Inductee, Canada’s Walk of Fame (2019)

Honorary Degrees

Doctor of Visual Arts, California Institute of the Arts (1987)
Doctor of Fine Arts, Rhode Island School of Design (1987)
Doctor of Engineering, Technical University of Nova Scotia (1989)
Doctor of Fine Arts, Otis Art Institute (1989)
Doctor of Humanities, Occidental College (1993)
Doctor of Humanities, Whittier College (1995)
Honorary Master of Architecture, Southern California Institute of Architecture (1996)
Doctor of Architecture, Southern California Institute of Architecture (1997)
Doctor of Laws, University of Toronto (1998)
Doctor of Arts, Harvard University (2000)
Doctor of Fine Arts, University of Southern California (2000)
Doctor of Fine Arts, Yale University (2000)
Doctor of Fine Arts, School of the Art Institute of Chicago (2004)
Doctor of Fine Arts, Princeton University (2013)
Doctor of Music, Julliard School (2014)
Doctor of Design, University of Technology Sydney (2015)
Doctor of Letters, University of Oxford (2017)

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