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Gerhard Herzberg, PC, CC, FRSC, physicist (born 25 December 1904 in Hamburg, Germany; died 3 March 1999 in Ottawa, ON). Herzberg is recognized for his contributions towards the study of molecular spectroscopy. In 1971, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his research on the structure of molecules, specifically free radicals (see Nobel Prizes and Canada).
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Macleans
This article was originally published in Maclean’s magazine on March 15, 1999. Partner content is not updated. In his life and work, Gerhard Herzberg defied easy categorization. Herzberg, who died last week at 94 after a long career at Ottawa's National Research Council, won the 1971 Nobel Prize for chemistry even though he was a physicist.
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Gilbert Clarence Monture (Big Feather), OC, OBE (Order of the British Empire), Mohawk mining engineer, civil servant, army officer (born 27 August 1895 on the Six Nations of the Grand River First Nation, ON; died 19 June 1973 in Ottawa, ON). Monture was a university student during the First World War and interrupted his studies to enlist in the Canadian military. After the war, he completed university and became a world-renowned mining engineer.
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Gloria Leon Baylis (née Clarke), registered nurse, civil rights activist, founder and owner of Baylis Medical Company (born 29 June 1929 in Barbados, died 12 April 2017 in Montreal, QC). Baylis, a British-trained Caribbean migrant nurse was the key witness in Her Majesty the Queen, Complainant v. Hilton of Canada Ltd., Accused. (See also Caribbean Canadians.) On 2 September 1964, one day following the introduction of the Act Respecting Discrimination in Employment in Quebec, Baylis inquired about a permanent part-time nursing position at the Queen Elizabeth Hotel (QEH), which was operated by Hilton of Canada. Baylis was told that the position had already been filled. With the support of the Negro Citizenship Association (NCA), Baylis filed a complaint. On 4 October 1965, the court found that Hilton of Canada had violated the Act. For 11 years, Hilton of Canada appealed the ruling. On 19 January 1977, the Court of Appeal of Quebec upheld the initial conviction, a fine of $25 and related costs. This case is significant because it is the first time in Canadian history that an institution had been found guilty of racial discrimination in employment. (See also Prejudice and Discrimination in Canada.)
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Gordon Merritt Shrum, OC, OBE, physicist (born 14 January 1896 in Smithville, ON; died 20 June 1985 in Vancouver, BC).
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Gordon Murray, surgeon (b at Stratford, Ont 29 May 1894; d at Toronto 7 Jan 1976). Murray's medical training was interrupted in 1917 when he became an artillery man and went overseas to fight at Ypres, the Somme and Vimy Ridge.
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Gordon Roy McGregor, engineer, aviator, airline executive (b at Montréal 26 Sept 1901; d there 8 Mar 1971). After attending McGill University, he joined Bell Telephone Co of Canada as an engineer in 1923, where he remained until joining the Royal Canadian Air Force in 1938.
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Graham Westbrook Rowley, CM, MBE, MA (Cantab) explorer, archaeologist, public servant, (b at Manchester, Eng 31 Oct 1912; d at Ottawa, 31 Dec 2003). As a young archaeologist he went to the Eastern Arctic with the British Canadian Arctic Expedition of 1936.
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Charles Grant Blairfindie Allen, writer, historian, scientist (born 24 February 1848 in Alwington, ON; died 25 Oct 1899 in London, England). Grant Allen spent most of his youth in Canada, and completed his formal education in France and England, where he graduated from Merton College, Oxford, in 1871.
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Guglielmo Giovanni Maria Marconi, electrical engineer, inventor and businessman (born 25 April 1874 in Bologna, Italy; died 20 July 1937 in Rome, Italy). Marconi’s early experiments in wireless telegraphy demonstrated the potential of long-range radio communication. He is generally considered the inventor of the radio. Marconi’s first reputed reception of a transatlantic radio signal occurred at Signal Hill in St. John’s, Newfoundland, in 1901. The following year, he built a wireless transmission station in Glace Bay, Nova Scotia. Half of the 1909 Nobel Prize in Physics went to Marconi for his work in wireless telegraphy. Click here for definitions of key terms used in this article.
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Macleans
As a boy growing up on his father's farm just west of Toronto, nine-year-old Chris Hadfield was so spellbound by Neil Armstrong's historic moon walk on July 20, 1969, that he promptly decided to become an astronaut himself.This article was originally published in Maclean's Magazine on November 20, 1995
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Hamilton Hartley Killaly, engineer, civil servant (b at Dublin, Ire 1800; d at Picton, Ont 28 Mar 1874). Killaly attended Trinity College, Dublin, and worked as an engineer on canal projects before immigrating to Upper Canada in 1835.
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His theorizing about a General Adaptation Syndrome, based on much experimentation on rats, provoked much controversy. Briefly put, his model suggests that all stimuli are "stressors" that produce a general response of "stress" in the affected person.
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Har Gobind Khorana, scientist (born 9 January 1922 in Raipur, India; died 9 November 2011 in Concord, Massachusetts). Beginning in 1952, Khorana undertook research in organic chemistry at the British Columbia Research Council (see Chemistry). After moving to the United States, he was jointly awarded the 1968 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Robert W. Holley and Marshall W. Nirenberg “for their interpretation of the genetic code and its function in protein synthesis.” (See also Nobel Prizes and Canada.)
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Hardolph Wasteneys, professor of biochemistry (b at Richmond, Eng Apr 1881; d at Toronto 1 Feb 1965). As a boy Wasteneys went to Australia and found employment in government laboratories dealing with water purification. He moved to California about 1909 to study this subject further.
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