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Library and Archives Canada. Federal government department established in 2004; formerly National Library of Canada and Public (later National) Archives of Canada.
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Library and Archives Canada. Federal government department established in 2004; formerly National Library of Canada and Public (later National) Archives of Canada.
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Literary History in English 1620-1867The writing that critics identify as the earliest ENGLISH-LANGUAGE LITERATURE in Canada was produced by COLONIAL governors, soldiers, MISSIONARIES, settlers, European EXPLORERS and travellers, NEWSPAPER journalists, and community figures who in time began to consider the BRITISH NORTH AMERICAN colonies their home. Many were WOMEN. Few writers, to start, considered themselves "Canadian" (a term early reserved for the francophone settlers in QUEBEC). Most wrote for European readers (SeeFOREIGN WRITERS ON CANADA...
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With Confederation came immediate calls for Maritime separation but also a quickened interest in the growth of a national culture. Journalists and academic essayists earnestly disputed Canada's political destiny.
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The FIRST WORLD WAR featured variously in Canadian LITERATURE: as historical subject and setting, metaphor of personal conflict and national coming-of-age, test of loyalty, instance of officiousness, and prototype of political bias (SeeFIRST WORLD WAR IN CANADIAN LITERATURE).
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Literary History in English 1940-1960From the beginning of the SECOND WORLD WAR in 1939 to the early 1960s, Canada was negotiating its new-found international role, joining the UNITED NATIONS, developing the NORTH, and opening its borders more widely to IMMIGRANTS and REFUGEES--and to a tenth province, NEWFOUNDLAND AND LABRADOR, which in 1949 voted to join the Canadian CONFEDERATION. In the wake of fascism and the Holocaust, ANTI-SEMITISM in the country was slowly starting to wane,...
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The period between 1960 and 1980 was a definitive moment in Canadian literary history. Energized by the country’s centennial celebrations and widespread cultural nationalism, authors were excited by the prospect of Canadian literature as a means to help develop a national identity.
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The last two decades of the 20th century were marked by growing social and economic conservatism, a tendency towards fewer gambles in PUBLISHING ventures, and a greater reliance on computer TECHNOLOGY (e-mail, internet communications, electronic journals such as Frank DAVEY's Swift Current): A.K.
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This troubled period began with the Y2K scare, when COMPUTER programs worldwide were expected to fail. 3000 people, 25 of them Canadian, died in the New York Trade Center bombings on "9-11" 2001.
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At first they thought it was a prank, the kind of crazy thing that students just a month from graduation might pull.This article was originally published in Maclean's Magazine on May 3, 1999
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Later, the posts were placed on a sill or foundation above ground level. This method was displaced by the pièce-sur-pièce technique: roughly squared, relatively short logs were laid horizontally, to meet at rabbeted corners.
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London and Bristol Company, est 1610, the first formal attempt to colonize NEWFOUNDLAND. A group of merchant "adventurers" from London and Bristol, Eng, obtained a royal charter giving them title to Newfoundland's east coast.
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From 4 December 1866 to March 1867, politicians from the Province of Canada, Nova Scotia and New Brunswick met with delegates of the British government in London. This was the last of three conferences — after the Charlottetown Conference and Quebec Conference in 1864 — that were held to determine the constitutional details of Confederation. The Quebec Resolutions — 72 points that had been agreed upon in Quebec City — were reviewed and amended. They formed the basis of the British North America Act. It was passed by the British Parliament and received Queen Victoria’s Royal Assent on 29 March 1867.
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The London Conference took place in London, England, from 4 December 1866 to March 1867. Politicians from British North America met with members of the British government. This was the last of three conferences that were held to work out the legal details of Confederation. The first two were the Charlottetown Conference and Quebec Conference. They were both held in 1864. The Quebec Resolutions were agreed upon in Quebec City. They were reviewed and updated in London. They formed the basis of the British North America Act. It is the foundation of Canada’s Constitution. It was passed by the British Parliament. It received Queen Victoria’s Royal Assent on 29 March 1867. This article is a plain-language summary of the London Conference. If you would like to read about this topic in more depth, please see our full-length entry: London Conference.
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The London Township Treaty of 1796 (also known as Treaty 6 in the Upper Canada treaties numbering system) was an early land agreement between First Nations and British authorities in Upper Canada (later Ontario). It was one of a series of Upper Canada Land Surrenders. The London Township Treaty encompassed a tract of land 12 miles square (about 31 kilometres square) in the southwestern part of the colony. The British originally purchased it as the location to establish the capital of the colony, but York (modern Toronto) became the capital instead. (See also Treaties with Indigenous Peoples in Canada.)
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A longhouse was the basic house type of pre-contact northern Iroquoian-speaking peoples, such as the Huron-Wendat, Haudenosaunee, Petun and Neutral. The longhouse sheltered a number of families related through the female line. In the 1700s, European-style single-family houses gradually replaced longhouses as primary residences. However, longhouses still function as important facilities in which some Indigenous peoples conduct ceremonies, political meetings and various community gatherings. (See also Architectural History of Indigenous Peoples in Canada.)
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