Nature & Geography | The Canadian Encyclopedia

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  • Article

    Energy

    The term "energy" is often used interchangeably with the term "power," but incorrectly so. Energy is defined as the capacity to do work and is measured in joules (J) or watt hours (1 Wh = 3600 J).

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  • Macleans

    Energy Alternatives Getting Insufficient Government Support

    CANADIANS ARE now committed to the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions under the Kyoto Protocol, even though Ottawa may not have a well-developed plan. But Dean Scammell does, and he's a good six years ahead of the government. In 1999, Scammell started building his 2,400-sq.This article was originally published in Maclean's Magazine on February 28, 2005

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  • Article

    Energy in Society

    Energy plays a unique and critical role in the world; no activity of any kind (no "work") can take place without the movement or conversion of energy.

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  • Article

    Entomology

    Entomology is the branch of zoology dealing with the study of insects, although which organisms are included is open to interpretation. 

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  • Article

    Environment

    ​The environment is the physical, social and psychological milieu in which humans exist. 

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  • Article

    Environmental Agencies

    Environmental problems may require action by the environmental agencies of governments at 5 levels: international, national, provincial, municipal and Aboriginal.

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  • Article

    Environmental Movement in Canada

    The environmental movement seeks to protect the natural world and promote sustainable living. It had its beginnings in the conservation efforts of the early 1900s. During this time, conservationists aimed to slow the rapid depletion of Canadian resources in favour of more regulated management. Many scholars divide the evolution of the environmental movement into “waves.” These waves are periods in time easily characterized by certain themes. While the number of waves and their characterization may differ from scholar to scholar, they’re often defined as follows: The first wave focused on conservation; the second, pollution; the third, the professionalization of environmental groups; and the fourth, climate change.

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  • Article

    Environmental Governance

    Environmental governance is a term used to describe how decisions about the ENVIRONMENT are made and who makes such decisions. It is a broad term that includes the formal and informal institutional arrangements for resource and environment decision-making and management.

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  • Article

    Environmental Impact Assessment

    Environmental Impact Assessment An environmental impact assessment is a systematic analysis of the potential impacts of proposed development projects on the natural and human environment (seeSOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT), for identifying measures to prevent or minimize impacts prior to major decisions being taken and project commitments made. Legislation Environmental impact assessment (EIA) originated in the United States under the National Environmental Policy Act of 1970 and is now among the most widely practiced ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT tools...

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  • Article

    Environmental Management

    Successful actions to protect the ENVIRONMENT and conserve natural RESOURCES constitute environmental management.

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  • Article

    Environmental Movement in Canada (Plain-Language Summary)

    The environmental movement tries to protect the natural world and promote sustainable living. The environmental movement is usually divided into periods of time based on themes. These periods are called waves. In Canada, the first wave focused on awareness, the second on pollution and conservation, the third on the professionalization of environmental groups and the fourth on climate change. This article is a plain-language summary of the environmental movements in Canada. If you are interested in reading about this topic in more depth, please see the full-length entry, Environmental Movement in Canada.

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  • Article

    Environmental Racism in Canada

    Environmental racism is the disproportionate proximity and greater exposure of Indigenous, Black and other racialized communities to polluting industries and environmentally hazardous activities. In Canada, Indigenous and African Nova Scotian communities have been the most impacted by environmental racism. Examples of environmental racism in Nova Scotia include an open dump in Africville, landfills in Shelburne and Lincolnville, a pulp and paper mill in Pictou Landing First Nation, and a pipeline in Sipekne’katik First Nation. A pipeline also runs through Wet'suwet'en First Nation in British Columbia, while in Ontario there is mercury contamination in Grassy Narrows First Nation and over 60 petrochemical facilities surrounding Aamjiwnaang First Nation.

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  • Article

    Environmental Racism in Canada (Plain-Language Summary)

    Environmental racism is when polluting industries and environmentally hazardous activities are primarily located near low-income or minority communities. In Canada, Indigenous and Black communities are the most affected by environmental racism. This article contains examples of environmental racism in Nova Scotia, Ontario and British Columbia. This article is a plain-language summary of environmental racism in Canada. If you are interested in reading about this topic in more depth, please see the full-length entry, Environmental Racism in Canada.

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  • Article

    Erosion

    Erosion caused in this case by an intense thunderstorm squall lifting the soil from the fields (photo by Arjen Verkaik, Skyart Productions).This view depicts the eroding badlands and alternating beds of sandstone and shale (photo by Cliff Wallis, courtesy Cottonwood Consultants Ltd.).One of the classic, and disastrous, examples of gravitational erosion (photo by Ken A. Meisner/Take Stock Inc).The prairie dry belt was unwisely opened for homesteading and was struck by successive droughts in the 1920s...

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  • Article

    Esker

    An esker is a ridge (Gaelic eiscir, "ridge") of gravel and sand emplaced during glacial melt by the deposition of sediments from meltwater rivers flowing on the ice (channel fills) or beneath a glacier (tunnel fills).

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