Nature & Geography | The Canadian Encyclopedia

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  • Article

    Organic Agriculture

    Organic agriculture is defined as the sustainable cultivation of land for food production that nourishes soil life, nurtures animals in their natural environment and feeds them according to their physiology.

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  • Article

    Oriole

       Oriole is the common name for members of 2 families of birds. The Old World family Oriolidae occurs from Europe through Africa and Asia to Australia. 

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  • Article

    Osprey

    The osprey (Pandion haliaetus) is a large, cosmopolitan bird of prey characterized by a crested head and contrasting black, white and grey plumage.

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  • Article

    Otter

     The river otter (Lutra canadensis) occurs throughout North America except in desert and arid tundra regions. In Canada it is scarce, except along the BC coast, where it is abundant and often wrongly identified as a sea otter.

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  • Macleans

    Our Dying Seas

    This article was originally published in Maclean’s magazine on October 5, 1998. Partner content is not updated.

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  • Article

    Owl

    The owl (order Strigiformes) is an efficient, carnivorous, nocturnal bird of prey. 

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  • Article

    Oyster

    Oyster is a common name for bivalve (hinged shell) molluscs, including true oysters (order Ostreoida) and tropical pearl oysters (order Pterioida), found chiefly in temperate and warm shallow waters.

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  • Article

    Oystercatcher

    Oystercatcher is a name given to 11 species of large shorebirds of the family Haematopodidae.

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  • Article

    Ozone Depletion

    Ozone depletion is a chemical thinning of the OZONE LAYER in the stratosphere or upper atmosphere. Scientists determined in the 1970s that it is caused by ozone depleting substances (ODSs), particularly by the use of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs).

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  • Article

    Ozone Layer

    The development of the ozone layer is thought to have been a significant factor permitting the evolution of life on Earth. Ozone is the main atmospheric gas that absorbs the biologically damaging part of the sun's ultraviolet radiation (UV radiation), known as UV-B (ultraviolet-biologically active).

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  • Article

    Pacific Salmon

    Pacific salmon include 7 species of fish belonging to the genus Oncorhynchus, family Salmonidae. 

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  • Article

    Paintbrush

    The paintbrush is a herbaceous plant of genus Castilleja , figwort family, Scrophulariaceae. Most are perennial. The common name, Indian paintbrush, is applied to several species. About 200 species occur worldwide, mostly in

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  • Article

    Painted Turtle

    The painted turtle (Chrysemys picta) is the most widespread native freshwater turtle species in North America. In Canada, it is found in all Canadian provinces except Prince Edward Island and Newfoundland and Labrador. It is abundant throughout much of its Canadian range and can be found in various aquatic habitats, including lakes, slow-flowing rivers and wetlands. The painted turtle is broken into three subspecies across Canada: the western painted turtle (Chrysemys picta bellii; BC, AB, SK, MB and ON), the midland painted turtle (Chrysemys picta marginata; ON and QC) and the eastern painted turtle (Chrysemys picta picta; NB and NS).

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  • Article

    Parsnip

    The parsnip (Pastinaca sativa) is a perennial plant grown as an annual vegetable crop and belonging to the Umbelliferae family. 

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  • Article

    Passenger Pigeon

    The passenger pigeon (Ectopistes migratorius) is extinct.

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