Politics & Law | The Canadian Encyclopedia

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  • Article

    Housing and Housing Policy

    Canadian housing takes many forms. More than half of Canadian homes are single-family detached houses; 17% are other ground-oriented forms such as row houses, duplexes, semi-detached or movable; 18% are lowrise apartments and 10% are highrise apartments.

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  • Article

    Housing Co-operatives

    Continuing housing co-operatives emerged during the 1960s as an innovative way to meeting housing needs and foster community development. Many Canadians, especially families with children, could no longer afford home ownership and faced difficulty finding good-quality rental housing.

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  • Article

    Housing Rights in Canada

    The right to housing is a subject of increasing concern and discussion in Canadian society. The debate regarding the scope and application of housing rights in Canadian law, and the extent to which Canadians may claim these rights as fundamental legal rights, has become even more contentious in recent decades. The growing awareness of housing rights has been brought on by several factors, including: the housing crisis, gentrification, the general lack of affordable housing and the rise of people experiencing homelessness and living in encampments in Canadian cities (see Homelessness in Canada). The development and ongoing implementation of a federal regulatory and policy framework, the National Housing Strategy Act (2019), has also contributed to discussion about housing as a human right.

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  • Article

    Human Rights

    Human rights are rights that we all have by virtue of our shared humanity. Depending on the nature of the right, both individuals and groups can assert human rights. Human rights as we understand them today are a relatively modern concept. All human rights are indivisible, interrelated and interdependent. None has automatic precedence over any other. The realization of human rights is a constant struggle on the part of people who suffer injustices and who seek redress. Human rights are an important part of the social fabric of Canadian society. Canadians have also played a role in the evolution of human rights on the international stage.

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  • Macleans

    Human Smugglers

    "Eightball" pulls back his long black hair, adjusts his balaclava and peers across the St. Lawrence River through his night-vision binoculars.This article was originally published in Maclean's Magazine on November 22, 1999

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  • Macleans

    Human Smuggling

    The glare of a lightbulb dangling from the ceiling of his decrepit basement room casts a harsh light on the young illegal's life. A beetle scurries from under a mattress on the floor beneath a grimy window.

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  • Article

    Hunter v Southam Case

    Hunter v Southam Case Acting under the authority of s10 of the Combines Investigation Act, the director of the Investigation of the Combines Branch authorized several civil servants to enter the offices of Southam Inc in Edmonton.

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  • Macleans

    Hurricane Carter Saga

    This article was originally published in Maclean’s magazine on December 6, 1999. Partner content is not updated. He was down for the count. Rubin (Hurricane) Carter had been in prison for 13 years, serving a life sentence for a triple murder he did not commit - a brutal slaying at a bar in Paterson, N.J., in 1966.

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  • Editorial

    Editorial: Igor Gouzenko Defects to Canada

    The following article is an editorial written by The Canadian Encyclopedia staff. Editorials are not usually updated. A knock on the apartment door froze him in his steps. Another knock, louder, more insistent. The knocking turned to pounding. A voice called his name several times. Finally, the pounding stopped, and he heard footsteps going down the stairs. He knew he needed help.

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  • Article

    Immigration to Canada

    The movement of individuals of one country into another for the purpose of resettlement is central to Canadian history. The story of Canadian immigration is not one of orderly population growth; instead, it has been — and remains one — about economic development as well as Canadian attitudes and values. It has often been unashamedly economically self-serving and ethnically or racially discriminatory despite contributing to creating a multicultural society (see Immigration Policy in Canada; Refugees to Canada). Immigration has also contributed to dispossessing Indigenous peoples of their ancestral lands.

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  • Article

    Immigration Detention in Canada

    The federal government detains immigrants for administrative immigration reasons even if they have not committed a crime under the Criminal Code. The detention of migrants was not a highly publicized issue in Canada until deaths occurred in the Vancouver and Toronto immigration facilities in 2013 and 2016. The issue brought to light the conditions of thousands of people currently being detained. Immigration detainees are often isolated from community support and are unable to access doctors and lawyers. The prolonged periods of detention exacerbate existing mental health issues such as Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), which impacts many migrants coming to Canada from war-torn countries. Advocates argue that Canada's immigration detention system contravenes international human rights law (see International Law) and that more oversight is necessary to prevent further deaths in the future and to reform the system as a whole.

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  • Article

    Immigration Policy in Canada

    Immigration policy is the way the government controls via laws and regulations who gets to come and settle in Canada. Since Confederation, immigration policy has been tailored to grow the population, settle the land, and provide labour and financial capital for the economy. Immigration policy also tends to reflect the racial attitudes or national security concerns of the time which has also led to discriminatory restrictions on certain migrant groups. (See also Canadian Refugee Policy.) (This is the full-length article on immigration policy in Canada. If you wish to read a plain-language summary, please see Immigration Policy in Canada (Plain-Language Summary).)

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  • Article

    Impaired Driving

    Impaired driving, also known as drunken driving, driving while impaired (DWI) and driving under the influence (DUI), has been a serious social problem as far back as the beginning of this century, when social scientists took note of the often deadly combination of alcohol and motor vehicles.

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  • Macleans

    Impending Same-Sex Marriage Legislation

    IT'S NOT THE kind of crowd given to chants, placards, or burning brands. Greying, neatly pressed, well-mannered, they line up patiently at the open microphone.

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  • Article

    Imperialism

    Support for the British Empire and imperialism was strong in much of Canada in the decades after Confederation. But gradually, imperialist loyalties declined and Canadians demanded and won full autonomy within the empire.

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