Politics & Law | The Canadian Encyclopedia

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  • Article

    Lieutenant-Governor

    The lieutenant-governor combines the monarchical and the federal principle in provincial governments. Although the lieutenant-governor is appointed by the Governor General on the prime minister's advice, in the words of an 1892 decision by the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council, a lieutenant-governor "is as much the representative of Her Majesty, for all purposes of provincial government, as the Governor-General himself is for all purposes of Dominion Government."

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  • Article

    Lieutenant-Governors of BC

    For more information on provincial politics see: British Columbia. Lieutenant-Governor Term ​Janet Austin ​2018-present Judith Guichon 2012-18 Steven Point 2007-12 Iona V. Campagnolo 2001-07 Garde Gardom 1995-2001 David See-Chai Lam 1988-95 Robert Gordon Rogers 1983-88 Henry Pybus Bell-Irving 1978-83 Walter Stewart Owen 1973-78 John Robert Nicholson 1968-73 George Randolph Pearkes 1960-68 Frank MacKenzie Ross 1955-60 Clarence Wallace 1950-55 Charles Arthur Banks 1946-50 William Culham Woodward 1941-46 Eric Werge Hamber 1936-41 John William Johnson 1931-36 Robert...

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  • Article

    Lieutenant-Governors of Manitoba

    For more information on provincial politics see: Manitoba. Lieutenant-Governors Term Janice C. Filmon 2015-present Philip Lee 2009-15 John Harvard 2004-09 Peter M. Liba 1999-2004 Yvon Dumont 1993-99 George Johnson 1986-93 Pearl B. McGonigal 1981-86 Francis L. Jobin 1976-81 John W. McKeag 1970-76 Richard S. Bowles 1965-70 Errick F. Willis 1960-65 John S. McDiarmid 1953-60 Roland F. McWilliams 1940-53 William J. Tupper 1934-40 James D. McGregor 1929-34 Theodore A. Burrows 1926-29 James A.M. Aikins 1916-26 Douglas...

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  • Article

    Lieutenant-Governors of New Brunswick

    For more information on provincial politics see: New Brunswick. Lieutenant-Governors Term Jocelyne Roy Vienneau 2014-present Graydon Nicholas 2009-14 Herménégilde Chiasson 2003-09 Marilyn Trenholme Counsell 1997-2003 Margaret Norrie McCain 1994-97 Gilbert Finn 1987-94 George Francis Gillman Stanley 1981-87 Hédard Joseph Robichaud 1971-81 Wallace Samuel Bird 1968-71 John Babbit McNair 1965-68 Joseph Leonard O'Brien 1958-65 David Laurence MacLaren 1945-58 William George Clark 1940-45 Murray MacLaren 1935-40 Hugh Havelock McLean 1928-35 William Frederic Todd 1923-28 William Pugsley 1917-23...

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  • Article

    Lieutenant-Governors of Newfoundland and Labrador

    For more information on provincial politics see: Newfoundland and Labrador. Lieutenant-Governors of Newfoundland and Labrador Lieutenant-Governor Term ​Judy Foote ​2018-present Frank F. Fagan 2013-18 John Crosbie 2008-13 Edward Moxon Roberts 2002-08 Arthur Maxwell House 1997-2002 Frederick William Russell 1991-97 James McGrath 1986-91 W.A. Paddon 1981-86 Gordon A. Winter 1974-81 Ewart J.A. Harnum 1969-74 Fabian O'Dea 1963-69 Campbell L. Macpherson 1957-63 Leonard Outerbridge 1949-57 Albert Walsh 1949 

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  • Article

    Lieutenant-Governors of Nova Scotia

    ​For more information on provincial politics see: Nova Scotia. Lieutenant-Governors Term Arthur J. LeBlanc 2017-present John James Grant 2012-17 Mayann E. Francis 2006-12 Myra A. Freeman 2000-06 John James Kinley 1994-2000 Lloyd Roseville Crouse 1989-94 Alan Rockwell Abraham 1984-89 John Elvin Schaffner 1978-84 Clarence L. Gosse 1973-78 Victor de Bedia Oland 1968-73 Henry Poole MacKeen 1963-68 Edward Chester Plow 1958-63 Alistair Fraser 1952-58 John Alexander McCurdy 1947-52 Henry Ernest Kendall 1942-47 Frederick Francis Mathers 1940-42...

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  • Article

    Lieutenant-Governors of Ontario

    See also Ontario; Politics in Ontario; Premiers of Ontario. Lieutenant-Governors Term Edith Dumont 2023-present Elizabeth Dowdeswell 2014-23 David C. Onley 2007-14 James K. Bartleman 2002-07 Hilary M. Weston 1997-2002 Henry N.R. Jackman 1991-97 Lincoln M. Alexander 1985-91 John B. Aird 1980-85 Pauline E. McGibbon 1974-80 W. Ross Macdonald 1968-74 William E. Rowe 1963-68 John K. MacKay 1957-63 Louis O. Breithaupt 1952-57 Ray Lawson 1946-52 Albert E. Matthews 1937-46 Herbert A. Bruce 1932-37 William D. Ross...

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  • Article

    Lieutenant-Governors of Prince Edward Island

    ​For more information on provincial politics see: Prince Edward Island. Lieutenant-Governors Term Antoinette Perry 2017-present H. Frank Lewis 2011-17 Barbara A. Hagerman 2006-11 J. Léonce Bernard 2001-06 Gilbert R. Clements 1995-2001 Marion L. Reid 1990-95 Lloyd McPhail 1985-90 Joseph A. Doiron 1980-85 Gordon L. Bennett 1974-80 J. George MacKay 1969-74 William J. Macdonald 1963-69 F.W. Hyndman 1958-63 T. William L. Prowse 1950-58 Joseph A. Bernard 1945-50 Bradford Lepage 1939-45 G. Des Brisay Deblois 1933-39 Charles...

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  • Article

    Lieutenant-Governors of Québec

    For more information on provincial politics see Québec. Lieutenant-Governors Term J. Michel Doyon 2015-present Pierre Duchesne 2007-15 Lise Thibault 1997-2007 Jean-Louis Roux 1996-1997 Martial Asselin 1990-96 Gilles Lamontagne 1984-90 Jean-Pierre Côté 1978-84 Hugues Lapointe 1966-78 Paul Comtois 1961-66 Onésime Gagnon 1958-61 Gaspard Fauteux 1950-58 Eugène Fiset 1939-50 Esioff-Léon Patenaude 1934-39 Henry George Carroll 1929-34 Sir Jean-Lomer Gouin 1929 Narcisse Perodeau 1924-29 Louis-Philippe Brodeur 1923-24 Sir Charles Fitzpatrick 1918-23 Pierre-Laurent LeBlanc 1915-18 François-Charles Langelier 1911-15 Charles-Alphonse...

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  • Article

    Lieutenant-Governors of Saskatchewan

    For more information on provincial politics see: Saskatchewan. Lieutenant-Governor Term W. Thomas Molloy 2018-present Vaughn Solomon Schofield 2012-18 Gordon L. Barnhart 2006-12 Lynda Maureen Haverstock 2000-06 John E. N. Wiebe 1994-2000 Sylvia Olga Fedoruk 1988-94 Fred W. Johnson 1983-88 Cameron Irwin McIntosh 1978-83 George Porteous 1976-78 Stephen Worobetz 1970-76 Robert Leith Hanbidge 1963-70 Frank Lindsay Bastedo 1958-63 William John Patterson 1951-58 John Michael Uhrich 1948-51 Reginald Marsden Parker 1945-48 Thomas Miller 1945 Archibald Peter McNab...

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  • Article

    Lobbying in Canada

    Lobbying is the process through which individuals and groups articulate their interests to federal, provincial or municipal governments to influence public policy or government decision-making. Lobbyists may be paid third parties who communicate on behalf of their clients; or they may be employees of a corporation or organization seeking to influence the government. Because of the possibility for conflict of interest, lobbying is the subject of much public scrutiny. At the federal level, lobbying activities are governed by the Lobbying Act. Provinces and municipalities have their own lobbying laws and by-laws.

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  • Article

    Local Elections

    Local elections are the procedures by which citizens in a community choose the MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT.

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  • Article

    Local Government

    Local government is the level of government below the provinces. The most important local governments are the MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENTS. Under the constitution, the provinces have exclusive jurisdiction over municipal affairs (see MUNICIPAL-PROVINCIAL RELATIONS).

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  • Macleans

    Locked up, locked out

    The chief behind Canada’s first jail on reserve land pushes for more jobs training for Aboriginal inmatesThis article was originally published in Maclean's Magazine on September 23, 2013

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  • Article

    London Conference

    From 4 December 1866 to March 1867, politicians from the Province of Canada, Nova Scotia and New Brunswick met with delegates of the British government in London. This was the last of three conferences — after the Charlottetown Conference and Quebec Conference in 1864 — that were held to determine the constitutional details of Confederation. The Quebec Resolutions — 72 points that had been agreed upon in Quebec City — were reviewed and amended. They formed the basis of the British North America Act (now the Constitution Act, 1867). It was passed by the British Parliament and received Queen Victoria’s Royal Assent on 29 March 1867.

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