Science & Technology | The Canadian Encyclopedia

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  • Macleans

    Intel Unveils New MMX Pentium Chip

    In the Information Age, people like 33-year-old Mark Rein are on the cutting edge. Rein is vice-president of Epic MegaGames Inc., a computer game company in Rockville, Md., yet his "office" is actually his home in Schomberg, just north of Toronto.This article was originally published in Maclean's Magazine on February 17, 1997

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    https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/images/tce_placeholder.jpg?v=e9dca980c9bdb3aa11e832e7ea94f5d9 Intel Unveils New MMX Pentium Chip
  • Article

    International Development Research Centre

    The International Development Research Centre (IDRC) was established as a public corporation by Parliament in 1970 to support research designed to adapt science and technology to the specific needs of developing countries. The first chairman was Lester B. PEARSON.

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  • Article

    International Polar Year

    International Polar Year (IPY), 1882-83, was the first worldwide co-ordinated scientific enterprise and the most significant single event in the founding of the science of geophysics.

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  • Article

    Internet in Canada

    The Internet is a global network of computers that communicate with each other. This exchange happens through a set of rules called protocols. Since Internet use became widespread in the 1990s, the system has affected most aspects of life. It has had both productive and destructive effects. The Internet has changed the way Canadians learn and work, buy products and services, communicate and consume entertainment. Most people think of the Internet as the World Wide Web. However, it takes a number of different forms, including networked physical objects called the Internet of Things. Click here for definitions of key terms used in this article.

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  • Collection

    Invention and Innovation in Canada

    This collection gathers together articles relating to invention and innovation in Canada. (photograph by Beth A. Robertson, courtesy Canadian Science and Technology Museum)

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  • Editorial

    Invention of Standard Time

    The following article is an editorial written by The Canadian Encyclopedia staff. Editorials are not usually updated.

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  • Article

    Inventions and Devices

    Instruments, Invented And ImprovedAmong 19th-century Canadian inventors were James P.

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    https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/images/tce_placeholder.jpg?v=e9dca980c9bdb3aa11e832e7ea94f5d9 Inventions and Devices
  • Article

    Iron and Steel Industry

    Iron is the primary raw material used to produce steel — itself an alloy of concentrated iron with a minute amount of carbon.

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  • Article

    Iron Ore

    Its most important mineral forms are magnetite (Fe3O4, 72.4% Fe), hematite (Fe2O3, 69.9% Fe) and siderite (FeCO3, 48.29% Fe). In Brazil, some ore that contains practically no other minerals can grade as high as 68% Fe, but the crude ore mined in Canada grades between 30 and 44% Fe.

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  • Article

    Iron Ring

    The Iron Ring is a symbol of professional duty and obligation worn by Canadian engineers. The tradition began in 1922 when a group of Montréal engineers met to consider the solidarity of, and a means for providing guidance to, their profession.

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  • Article

    Irrigation

    Irrigation is warranted where the CLIMATE is essentially arid or semiarid and is characterized by low and unpredictable precipitation (see RAIN).

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    https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/images/tce_placeholder.jpg?v=e9dca980c9bdb3aa11e832e7ea94f5d9 Irrigation
  • Article

    Keystone XL Pipeline

    Keystone XL was a proposed 1,947 km long pipeline project that would have carried crude oil from Alberta to Nebraska. It was owned by Calgary-based TC Energy Corporation. The pipeline was named XL for “export limited.” First proposed in July 2008, it was the prospective fourth phase of TC Energy’s existing Keystone Pipeline system. In Canada, Keystone XL had the support of both the federal and Alberta governments. However, the project faced significant opposition and legal challenges on environmental grounds. In January 2021, United States president Joe Biden cancelled its permit on his first day in office. On 9 June 2021, TC Energy and the Alberta government announced the termination of the Keystone XL pipeline.

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  • Macleans

    Kirkland Lake Eyes Hazardous Waste Plant

    BILL ENOUY IS PROUD of his town. Oh, the jolly looking mayor of KIRKLAND LAKE, Ont., knows the main street needs a facelift, and that something should be done about the shortage of family physicians.This article was originally published in Maclean's Magazine on November 18, 2002

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    https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/images/tce_placeholder.jpg?v=e9dca980c9bdb3aa11e832e7ea94f5d9 Kirkland Lake Eyes Hazardous Waste Plant
  • Macleans

    Klein's Controversial Health-Care Reform

    This article was originally published in Maclean’s magazine on April 3, 2000. Partner content is not updated. Sitting in his wood-panelled office at the Alberta legislature, Ralph Klein contemplates the political fire storm raging outside his door.

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    https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/images/tce_placeholder.jpg?v=e9dca980c9bdb3aa11e832e7ea94f5d9 Klein's Controversial Health-Care Reform
  • Macleans

    Kobe Earthquake

    Bridges, train trestles and elevated highways collapsed, sending hapless passengers plummeting to their deaths. Apartment buildings crumpled and fell, crushing terrified occupants still huddled in their beds.This article was originally published in Maclean's Magazine on January 30, 1995

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    https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/images/tce_placeholder.jpg?v=e9dca980c9bdb3aa11e832e7ea94f5d9 Kobe Earthquake